What follows after the formative evaluation in the instructional process?

The instructional process typically follows a structured sequence, which includes formative evaluation, a process that involves assessing learners' understanding and the effectiveness of instructional materials during the course of learning. Once formative evaluation has been conducted and necessary adjustments to the instruction or materials have been made based on the feedback, the subsequent step is summative evaluation.

This summative evaluation is designed to assess the learners’ overall performance and the effectiveness of the instructional program after its completion. It provides feedback about the achievement of instructional goals and can indicate if the instructional design was successful in meeting the learners’ needs. Summative evaluations can take various forms, such as tests, quizzes, or projects that culminate at the end of a learning unit or course.

In contrast, the other phases mentioned, such as design, development, and implementation, occur prior to or during the formative evaluation stage and are part of the instructional design process that leads up to teaching and assessing the learners. They establish the framework and content to be evaluated later. Thus, summative evaluation is the logical next step following formative evaluation in assessing both the effectiveness of instruction and the learners' achievements.