What does the 'stem' refer to in a multiple-choice question format?

In a multiple-choice question format, the 'stem' refers to the part of the question that presents the problem or query that needs to be answered. It provides the context or scenario that guides the test-taker toward the correct answer. The stem may consist of a statement, a question, or a description that sets up the options that follow. Its primary function is to clearly communicate what is being asked, enabling the learner to focus on selecting the best answer from the provided choices.

This clear articulation of the question is essential for ensuring that the test-taker understands what they are being asked to assess, which enhances the overall effectiveness of the examination process.