How are the incorrect answer choices classified in a multiple-choice format?

In multiple-choice questions, the incorrect answer choices are classified as distractors. The purpose of distractors is to challenge the test-taker by presenting plausible alternative answers that may draw on common misconceptions or partial knowledge. This strategy encourages deeper thinking about the subject matter, pushing individuals to carefully evaluate each choice rather than simply guessing.

Distractors serve a critical function in assessing a learner's understanding: if a test-taker selects a distractor, it indicates a misunderstanding or lack of knowledge about the topic in question. In contrast, correct answers, often referred to as keys, are meant to be the definitive response to the question posed, while stems refer to the question or prompt itself, and options encompass both the correct answer and the distractors collectively.